While often used interchangeably, animal welfare and animal rights represent two distinct philosophies regarding how humans should interact with and treat non-human animals. 1. Animal Welfare: The Practical Standard
framework [28]. This would move animal protection beyond isolated national laws and toward a universal standard that: Integrates animal welfare into the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Introduces procedural rights for animals in legal systems. Addresses the wildlife trade as both a welfare and conservation crisis. Conclusion While often used interchangeably, animal welfare and animal
Industrial Farming: The conflict between economic efficiency and the Five Freedoms. framework [28]
Animal welfare is a science-based approach focused on the well-being of the animal. It operates under the premise that it is acceptable for humans to use animals for food, research, and companionship, provided that the animals are treated humanely and their physical and mental needs are met. Welfare problem: Confinement (battery cages